Effects of Different Soil Water and Heat Regulation Patterns on the Physiological Growth and Water Use in an Apple–Soybean Intercropping System

In this study, a typical apple–soybean intercropping system was used to analyze the effects of different soil water and heat regulation modes on spatial distribution content (SWC), photosynthetic physiological characteristics, growth. Three maximum irrigation levels [50% (W1), 65% (W2), 80% (W3) field capacity (FC)] two mulching intervals [from seedling podding stage (M1) during full (M2) soybeans] were tested. The results showed that SWC W3M2 highest, while W2M1 W1M2 treatments more deep water. Irrigation increased chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate leaves in agroforestry system. addition, under W2 level after mulch removal later growth stage. At W1 levels, soybean yield half-stage 0.85–15.49% higher than full-stage mulching. Multiple regression analysis grain treatment reached value fitting equation. rate, use efficiency, 71–86% equation, with largest plant development value. To effectively alleviate competition system, our suggest adoption FC upper limit combined M2 young apple trees–soybean abundant years. (W2) M1 deficit years could improve water, environment, promote